I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. UN was established in 1945.
2. The Headquarters of UN is situated in the city of New York.
3. The organ of the UN resembling the Cabinet is Security Council.
4. Tenure of Judges of International Court of Justice is 9 years.
5. The head office of FAO is at Rome.
6. International Court of Justice is at The Hague.
7. The present Secretary General of UN is Antonio Guterres.
8. World Health Organization was started in the year 1948.
9. SAARC was established in the year 1985.

II. Discuss in group and answer in two or three sentences.

Question 1.
Who are responsible for the formation of UN?
Answer:
Winston Churchill of England, Joseph Stalin of Russia and Franklin D. Roosevelt of the USA took the initiative to establish a new world organization to maintain international peace and security.

Question 2.
Which are the main organs of UN?
Answer:
The six main organs of the UN are the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, Trusteeship Council, International Court of Justice and Secretariat.

Question 3.
Who are the permanent members of Security Council?
Answer:
The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are the USA, Russia, Britain, France and China. They have veto power.

Question 4.
What are the objectives of WHO?
Answer:
The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to protect and improve the health of people around the world. It works to control and eradicate diseases, prevent epidemics and address global health problems.

Question 5.
Prepare the list of activities of International Labour Organization.
Answer:
The International Labour Organization (ILO) works for the welfare of workers by promoting social security, safe working conditions and better living standards. It also deals with minimum wages, maternity benefits and housing benefits for workers.

Question 6.
Expand the word SAARC.
Answer:
SAARC stands for South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation.

III. Discuss in group and answer in 6 to 10 sentences

Question 1.
List out the objectives of UN.

Answer:
The main objectives of the United Nations are:

1. To maintain international peace and security.
2. To develop friendly relations among nations.
3. To establish faith in fundamental human rights.
4. To promote international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems.
5. To establish justice and respect for international obligations.
6. To coordinate the activities of nations and promote common goals.
7. To prevent conflicts and encourage peaceful settlement of international disputes.

Question 2.
Explain the formation of General Assembly.

Answer:
The General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the United Nations. It consists of representatives from all member countries. Each member country can send up to five representatives but has only one vote. It elects its President for a term of one year. The regular session usually begins in September and continues until mid-December. Important matters require a two-thirds majority of members present and voting. It approves the annual budget of the UN and discusses important international issues. It is often called the World Parliament.

Question 3.
What are the activities of Economic and Social Council?

Answer:
The Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) consists of 54 members elected by the General Assembly. It studies and reports on international economic, social, cultural, educational and health-related issues. It deals with matters concerning refugees, women and housing.

It recommends measures to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms. It organizes international conferences on education, culture and human resources. It also coordinates the activities of specialized agencies such as the ILO, FAO and WHO. Thus, it promotes international cooperation in economic and social development.

Question 4.
List out the achievements of UN in maintaining world peace.

Answer:
The United Nations has made several efforts to maintain world peace. It helped resolve conflicts such as the Korean conflict and the Suez Canal crisis. It has continuously worked towards resolving disputes such as the Kashmir and Palestine-Israel conflicts.

The UN promotes disarmament to reduce the threat of war. It uses peacekeeping forces to help maintain peace in conflict areas. It encourages countries to settle international disputes through peaceful negotiations. It also promotes human rights and works to end colonialism, apartheid and imperialism. These efforts have contributed to international peace and security.

Question 5.
What are the functions of UNESCO?

Answer:
UNESCO stands for United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. It was established in 1945, and its headquarters is in Paris, France. It promotes education, science and culture throughout the world. It encourages the development of technical education and information technology.

It supports scientific research, creative thinking and environmental studies. It helps preserve historical monuments and cultural heritage. It also promotes the sharing of knowledge among countries. UNESCO works to improve education and strengthen cultural cooperation among nations.

Question 6.
Explain the role of IMF in solving the economic problems of the world.

Answer:
IMF stands for International Monetary Fund. It was established following the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 and became operational in 1947. Its headquarters is in Washington, D.C., USA. It works to solve international economic problems and promote economic stability.

It encourages international trade and cooperation among countries. It helps member countries address balance-of-payments problems. It also works to maintain stable international monetary relations. Thus, the IMF supports economic cooperation between developed and developing nations.

Question 7.
List out the objectives of Commonwealth of Nations.

Answer:
The Commonwealth of Nations was formerly known as the British Commonwealth of Nations. It promotes friendly relations and cooperation among its member countries. It encourages democracy, liberty and respect for human rights.

It assists member countries in their efforts to eradicate poverty. It promotes world peace and mutual understanding. It encourages cooperation in sports, science and culture. It also strengthens educational and economic ties among member nations. Its headquarters is in London, and India is one of its members.

Question 8.
Explain the European Union.

Answer:
The European Union (EU) is a regional organization consisting of European countries. It was established in 1992 by the Treaty of Maastricht in the Netherlands. It promotes economic and political cooperation among its member countries. It provides opportunities for a common market and common trade policies.

Many of its members use a common currency called the euro. Its important institutions include the European Council, European Commission, European Parliament, European Court of Justice and European Central Bank. The EU promotes peace, democracy and economic development. Its headquarters is in Brussels, Belgium.