Fill in the blanks with suitable answers

1. The First Anglo-Mysore War took place between 1767 and 1769.
2. The Second Anglo-Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Mangalore.
3. Raja Wodeyar made Srirangapatna as his capital.
4. Kittur Rani Chennamma adopted a boy named Shivalingappa.
5. Rayanna of Kittur state belonged to Sangolli
6. Surapura is in the present Yadagiri
7. The Bedas of Halagali village of Bagalkote district rebelled against the British.
8. The Amara Sullia rebellion was basically a farmers’

Discuss in groups and answer later

Question 1.
What are the achievements of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar ?

Answer:
Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar (1673–1704) was one of the greatest rulers of the Mysore Kingdom. He was an efficient soldier and administrator who expanded and strengthened the Mysore state. During his reign, he introduced several administrative reforms, encouraged irrigation, and promoted literature and culture, which contributed to the prosperity of the kingdom.

His major achievements are:

• He was an efficient soldier and administrator.
• He checked the invasions of Shivaji at Madurai, Ikkeri, and Bijapur.
• He captured Magadi, Madhugiri, Koratagere, and several other places.
• He purchased Bangalore from the Mughal military general.
• He earned the titles Karnataka Kavichakravarthi, Aprathima Veera, Thenkanaraja, and Navakoti Narayana.
• He established the Athara Kacheri (Council of Ministers) to assist in administration.
• He introduced the postal system in the Mysore Kingdom.
• He constructed a dam across the River Cauvery and built the Chikka Devaraja Canal and Dodda Devaraja Canal for irrigation.
• He patronized scholars and poets such as Thirumalarya and Sanchi Honnamma.

Question 2.
How did Hyder Ali come to power?

Answer:
After the death of Aurangzeb, the Mughal Empire became weak and lost its political control over South India. As a result, many political struggles took place in the Carnatic region. At the same time, the death of Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar in 1704 created problems of succession and administration in the Mysore Kingdom.

These developments created political instability in Mysore. Hyder Ali gained prominence during this period of uncertainty. He joined the Mysore Army as an ordinary soldier but became well known for his bravery, military skill, and shrewd political moves. He came into prominence during the siege of Devanahalli and the military action against the Nizam of Arcot. By using his military abilities and political intelligence, Hyder Ali gradually became the most powerful leader in Mysore and eventually assumed control of the administration.

Question 3.
What were the effects of Second Anglo-Mysore war?

Answer:
The Second Anglo-Mysore was started in 1780. Hyder Ali was defeated in a battle held in Port Novae by the British. This increased the confidence of the British and also changed the direction of the battle. But they suffered financial setbacks in Pulieat and Soliungur.

Meanwhile, by entering ‘Salbai Agreement’, the British were successful in winning over the Marathas and Nizam of Hyderabad to their side. Hyder Ali died due to illness during the war. The British tried to take advantage of Hyder Ali’s death by invading Mangalore and Bidanoor. They also tried to instigate the rulers of Calicut and Malabar regions against Tippu Sultan. Tippu Sultan defeated the British. The “Treaty of Mangalore” ended the Second Anglo-Mysore War in 1784.

Question 4.
What were the conditions of the Treaty of Srirangapatna?

Answer:
The Treaty of Srirangapatna was signed in 1792 after the Third Anglo-Mysore War. Tippu Sultan was forced to accept several harsh conditions imposed by the British, which weakened the Mysore Kingdom.

The conditions of the Treaty of Srirangapatna were:

• Tippu Sultan was forced to part with half of his kingdom.
• He had to pay three crore rupees as war damage compensation.
• He had to pledge two of his sons as a guarantee until the payment was completed.
• He was forced to release all the prisoners of war.

Question 5.
What were the achievements of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV?

Answer:

Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV (1894–1940) was one of the greatest rulers of the Mysore Kingdom. With the support of able Dewans such as Sir M. Visvesvaraya and Sir Mirza Ismail, he transformed Mysore into one of the most progressive states in India. He promoted education, industries, irrigation, agriculture, and public welfare. Because of his excellent administration, Mysore came to be known as a Model State, and Mahatma Gandhi honoured him with the title “Rajarshi.”

The achievements of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV were:

• He abolished fees in all primary schools and promoted primary and girls’ education.
• He established the University of Mysore and provided scholarships for students to pursue higher education abroad.
• The Indian Institute of Science (IISc) was established in Bangalore in 1909 with the help of Tata.
• He gave special importance to irrigation and constructed a barrage across the River Cauvery near Belagola.
• He encouraged the construction of new railway lines.
• Many industries were established, including the Iron and Steel Factory, Cement Factory, Paper Mills at Bhadravati, Sugar Factory at Mandya, Sandal Oil Factory at Mysore, Soap Factory at Bangalore, and the Chemical and Fertilizers Factory at Belagola.
• He formed the Legislative Council to improve administration.
• He patronized music and fine arts and encouraged famous musicians.
• Under his rule, Mysore became a “Model State,” and Mahatma Gandhi honoured him with the title “Rajarshi.”

Question 6.
The Fourth Anglo Mysore strengthened the position of the British in Mysore. Discuss.

Answer:
Fourth Anglo-Mysore War took place between Tippu Sultan and British in 1799. The British were able to destroy the strong fort. Tippu died while fighting the British in 1799. With the death of Tippu Sultan, the British were happy as if the whole of India came under their rule. Most of the territories under Tippu’s rule were shared among the British, Marathas, and Hyderabad Nizam. A small territory was handed were to the royal representative of Mysore Wodeyars. This region came to be known as Mysore Princely State.

Question 7.
Explain the method of resisting British power by Dondiya Wagh.

Answer:
Dondiya Wagh started his career as a cavalry soldier in Hyder Ali’s army and later rose to the position of a military general. He built his own private army and fought alongside Tippu Sultan. Due to differences with Tippu Sultan, he was imprisoned. After the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War, the British released him from prison. He then organized a small army by gathering the unhappy soldiers of Tippu Sultan’s army and the feudatory rulers who had lost their power. He captured the forts of Bidanoor and Shivamogga and made an unsuccessful attempt to capture the Chitradurga Fort.

Lord Wellesley tried to suppress this rebellion by organizing attacks on Shivamogga, Honnali, Harihara, and other places under Dondiya’s control. After the capture of Shikaripura, Dondiya fled to Gutti, which was under the control of the Nizam of Hyderabad. When the Nizam’s army attacked Gutti, he moved towards the Maratha region. The Maratha army seized most of his horses, camels, and weapons, but Dondiya continued his struggle against the British. Finally, when he was trapped between the Maratha army and the Nizam’s army, the British attacked him near Yapalaperavi and killed him at Konagal, bringing his rebellion to an end.

Question 8.
Explain the method adopted by Rayanna to fight the British.

Answer:
Sangolli Rayanna developed a strong sense of nationalism and dedicated himself to liberating Kittur from British rule. He organized an army and held secret meetings at strategic locations to plan attacks against the British. His main objective was to loot the British treasury and taluk offices, thereby weakening their administration.

He commanded an army of about five hundred men and strongly opposed the villagers who assisted the British. To capture him, the British adopted a cunning strategy by taking the help of the Desais who opposed Rani Chennamma. An Amaldar named Krishnaraya also joined them. As a result, Rayanna was captured and brought to Dharwad. He was declared a chief offender and was hanged to death, becoming one of the greatest freedom fighters of Karnataka.

Question 9.
Explain the contribution of Puttabasappa of Kodagu in the freedom struggle.

Answer:
Puttabasappa took over the leadership of the Amara Sullia Rebellion after the capture of Kalyanaswamy. The rebellion started in the hilly region. He organized the rebels and united the people against the British. Puttabasappa declared that the taxes on tobacco and salt would be withdrawn if the rebel government came to power. This assurance won the support of rich farmers, landowners, and local chieftains. He also killed an Amaldar who was notorious for his brutality, which further increased his popularity among the people.

The rebels marched towards Mangalore to capture it. At that time, the British were strengthening their fort at Mangalore. The rebels advanced through Panemangalore and Bantwal, where they looted the treasury and prison of Bantwal.

The British sought the help of the armies from Thalassery, Cannanore, and Bombay to suppress the rebellion. On learning about this, Puttabasappa and his associates fled towards Sullia. However, the British captured them with the help of some people of Kodagu. Puttabasappa, Lakshmappa, Bangarasa, Kedambadi Ramayiah Gowda, and Guddemane Appaiah were hanged to death. Although the rebellion failed, it occupies an important place in the history of the freedom struggle against British rule.

Question 10.
Discuss the Surapura Rebellion in brief.

Answer:
Surapura is located about fifty kilometres from present-day Yadgir. Venkatappa Nayaka came to the throne at an early age after the death of his father, Krishna Nayaka. His accession was opposed by Peddanayaka, the brother of Krishna Nayaka, which led to internal conflicts. Taking advantage of this situation, the British interfered in the affairs of Surapura. In 1842, they appointed Meadows Taylor as their Political Agent and gradually gained proxy control over the state.

In 1857, the British came to know that the representatives of Nana Saheb were present in Surapura. They appointed an officer named Campbell to report on the activities of the King. Campbell submitted a report to the Resident of Hyderabad stating that the King was involved in maladministration. Based on this report, the British army captured Surapura in 1858. Although the rebellion was suppressed, the struggle continued, and there are different accounts regarding the end of Venkatappa Nayaka.