Class 10 History Chapter 2 textbook Solution

Class 10 Social Question and Answer: The Extension of the British Rule

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Karnataka SSLC Social History Textbook Answers—Reflections Chapter 2

The Extension of the British Rule Questions and Answers, Notes, and Summary

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2

The Extension of the British Rule

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 The Extension of the British Rule
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Fill in the Blanks :
  1. At the end of the First Anglo-Maratha War, the Salbai Agreement (Treaty of Salbai) was signed between the Marathas and the British.
  2. The Subsidiary Alliance system was implemented by Lord Wellesley.
  3. The Governor General who integrated Punjab into the British Empire was Lord Dalhousie.
  4. The Doctrine of Lapse policy was implemented by Lord Dalhousie.

Discuss in group and then answer the following:

Question 1.
Explain the reasons for the First Anglo-Maratha War.

Answer:
The Marathas restored Shah Alam II to the Mughal throne in Delhi. After the Battle of Buxar, Shah Alam II had been under British control. Later, he gave Kora and Allahabad to the Marathas, creating hostility between the Marathas and the British.

The death of Madhav Rao Peshwa weakened the Marathas. His brother Narayan Rao became the Peshwa but was murdered by his uncle Raghobha (Raghunath Rao), leading to a succession dispute. The Maratha Confederacy appointed Madhav Rao II as Peshwa, but Raghobha sought British support. The British took advantage of this internal conflict, leading to the First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782). The war ended with the Treaty of Salbai (1782).

Question 2.
What were the conditions under the Subsidiary Alliance? Explain.

Answer:
Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance in 1798. Its main conditions were:

  • The Indian ruler had to keep a British army in his kingdom.
  • The ruler had to bear the expenses of the army or surrender revenue-yielding lands.
  • A British Resident had to stay in the ruler’s court.
  • The ruler could not appoint any other European without British permission.
  • The ruler could not make treaties with other states without the permission of the Governor General.
  • In return, the British promised protection against internal and external enemies.

Through this policy, the British brought many Indian states under their control and strengthened their empire.

Question 3.
Explain the Third Anglo-Maratha War.

Answer:
The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–1818) began when the Marathas tried to regain their independence from British control. Peshwa Baji Rao II attacked and burned the British Residency at Poona. Appa Saheb of Nagpur and Malhar Rao Holkar also rebelled against the British but were defeated.

In 1818, Baji Rao II fought the British at Koregaon and Ashti, but he was defeated and surrendered. The British abolished the Peshwa post, granted Baji Rao II a pension, and appointed Pratapa Simha, a descendant of Shivaji, as the ruler of Satara, thereby ending Maratha power and strengthening British rule.

Question 4.
How did the Doctrine of Lapse support the expansion of the British Empire in India?

Answer:
Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse in 1848. According to this policy, if an Indian ruler died without a natural male heir, his adopted son had no legal right to the throne. Such states were annexed by the British.

Dalhousie used this policy as a political weapon to expand the British Empire. States like Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, and Jaipur were brought under British rule through this policy. It also created resentment among Indian rulers and people, which later contributed to the Revolt of 1857.

Question 5.
Which were the states that came under the Doctrine of Lapse policy?

Answer:
The princely states that came under the Doctrine of Lapse were Satara, Nagpur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, and Jaipur.

Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 The Extension of the British Rule
Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance in 1798.

Question 2.
What was the Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
It was a policy under which Indian rulers accepted British protection by keeping a British army in their state and following the conditions imposed by the British.

Question 3.
Which was the first Indian state to accept the Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
Hyderabad was the first Indian state to accept the Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 4.
Who introduced the Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
Lord Dalhousie introduced the Doctrine of Lapse in 1848.

Question 5.
What was the Doctrine of Lapse?
Answer:
According to this policy, if an Indian ruler died without a natural male heir, his adopted son had no legal right to the throne, and the state was annexed by the British.

Question 6.
When was the First Anglo-Maratha War fought?
Answer:
The First Anglo-Maratha War was fought from 1775 to 1782.

Question 7.
Which treaty ended the First Anglo-Maratha War?
Answer:
The Treaty (Agreement) of Salbai ended the First Anglo-Maratha War in 1782.

Question 8.
Which treaty brought the Peshwa under the Subsidiary Alliance?
Answer:
The Treaty of Bassein (1802) brought Peshwa Baji Rao II under the Subsidiary Alliance.

Question 9.
When was the Second Anglo-Maratha War fought?
Answer:
The Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought from 1803 to 1805.

Question 10.
Why did Lord Wellesley resign as Governor-General?
Answer:
Lord Wellesley’s aggressive military policy increased the Company’s financial burden, leading to criticism and his resignation.

Question 11.
When was the Third Anglo-Maratha War fought?
Answer:
The Third Anglo-Maratha War was fought from 1817 to 1818.

Question 12.
Which British Residency was attacked during the Third Anglo-Maratha War?
Answer:
The British Residency at Poona was attacked and burned by Peshwa Baji Rao II.

Question 13.
At which places did Baji Rao II fight the British in the Third Anglo-Maratha War?
Answer:
Baji Rao II fought the British at Koregaon and Ashti.

Question 14.
What happened after the Third Anglo-Maratha War?
Answer:
The British abolished the Peshwa post, granted Baji Rao II a pension, and appointed Pratapa Simha as the ruler of Satara.

Question 15.
Why did the Anglo-Sikh Wars take place?
Answer:
The Anglo-Sikh Wars took place because the British attempted to invade Punjab after the death of Ranjit Singh and violated the Treaty of Friendship.

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
  1. The First Anglo-Maratha War was fought between
    A) 1761–1765
    B) 1775–1782 ✅
    C) 1803–1805
    D) 1817–1818
  2. Which treaty ended the First Anglo-Maratha War?
    A) Treaty of Bassein
    B) Treaty of Lahore
    C) Treaty of Salbai ✅
    D) Treaty of Amritsar
  3. Who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance?
    A) Lord Dalhousie
    B) Lord Cornwallis
    C) Lord Wellesley ✅
    D) Lord Hastings
  4. The Subsidiary Alliance was introduced in
    A) 1773
    B) 1784
    C) 1798 ✅
    D) 1805
  5. Which was the first Indian state to accept the Subsidiary Alliance?
    A) Mysore
    B) Awadh
    C) Hyderabad ✅
    D) Satara
  6. Which treaty brought Peshwa Baji Rao II under the Subsidiary Alliance?
    A) Treaty of Salbai
    B) Treaty of Bassein ✅
    C) Treaty of Lahore
    D) Treaty of Amritsar
  7. The Second Anglo-Maratha War was fought during
    A) 1775–1782
    B) 1803–1805 ✅
    C) 1817–1818
    D) 1845–1846
  8. The Third Anglo-Maratha War was fought between
    A) 1803–1805
    B) 1845–1846
    C) 1817–1818 ✅
    D) 1848–1849
  9. Who attacked the British Residency at Poona?
    A) Madhav Rao II
    B) Raghobha
    C) Peshwa Baji Rao II ✅
    D) Daulat Rao Scindia
  10. Baji Rao II fought the British at
    A) Plassey and Buxar
    B) Panipat and Delhi
    C) Koregaon and Ashti ✅
    D) Lahore and Multan
  11. After the Third Anglo-Maratha War, the British abolished the post of
    A) Nawab
    B) Sultan
    C) Peshwa ✅
    D) Diwan
  12. Who introduced the Doctrine of Lapse?
    A) Lord Wellesley
    B) Lord Hastings
    C) Lord Dalhousie ✅
    D) Lord Curzon
  13. The Doctrine of Lapse was introduced in
    A) 1802
    B) 1818
    C) 1848 ✅
    D) 1857
  14. According to the Doctrine of Lapse, adopted sons had
    A) Full rights to the throne
    B) Limited rights to the throne
    C) No legal right to the throne ✅
    D) Equal rights with natural sons
  15. Which of the following states came under the Doctrine of Lapse?
    A) Hyderabad
    B) Mysore
    C) Jhansi ✅
    D) Kashmir
  16. Who annexed Punjab into the British Empire?
    A) Lord Wellesley
    B) Lord Cornwallis
    C) Lord Dalhousie ✅
    D) Lord Ripon
  17. Who founded the Sikh Kingdom?
    A) Guru Gobind Singh
    B) Banda Singh Bahadur
    C) Ranjit Singh ✅
    D) Chattar Singh Attariwala
  18. In which year did Ranjit Singh sign the Treaty of Amritsar with the British?
    A) 1798
    B) 1805
    C) 1809 ✅
    D) 1818
  19. Who led the Second Anglo-Sikh War against the British?
    A) Baji Rao II and Holkar
    B) Chattar Singh Attariwala and Moolraj ✅
    C) Raghobha and Scindia
    D) Hyder Ali and Tippu Sultan
  20. The resentment caused by the Doctrine of Lapse contributed to
    A) Battle of Plassey
    B) Battle of Buxar
    C) Anglo-Mysore Wars
    D) The First War of Indian Independence (1857) ✅

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